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A very common mistake is to get confused about the meaning of the following
constants:
- nul: The ASCII character with the decimal
equivalent of 0. We have never used this - it is very seldomly used!
- NULL character ('\0'): A very special
character which is only used to end a string. It is usually exploited to
check the end of strings when manipulating strings.
- NULL or NULL pointer: An implementation-
defined (compiler-dependent) null pointer constant defined in <stdio.h>.
Usually defined as 0 or (void *)0. Therefore initializing a pointer to 0 is
equivalent to initializing a pointer to NULL. For example if the file open
operation fails, fopen returns a NULL pointer.
- EOF: A negative integral constant expression
(usually defined as -1) that is returned by several stdio library functions
to indicate end-of-file, that is, no more input from a stream. It is usually
exploited to check the end of files when reading from files.
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